Coke vs Pepsi Essay

In May, 1886, Coca Cola was invented by Doctor John Pemberton a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia. John Pemberton concocted the Coca Cola formula in a three legged brass kettle in his backyard. The name was a suggestion given by John Pemberton’s bookkeeper Frank Robinson (Anonymous, 2001). Birth of Coca Cola Being a bookkeeper, Frank Robinson also had excellent penmanship. It was he who first scripted â€Å"Coca Cola into the flowing letters which has become the famous logo of today. The soft drink was first sold to the public at the soda fountain in Jacob’s Pharmacy in Atlanta on May 8, 1886. About nine servings of the soft drink were sold each day. Sales for that first year added up to a total of about $50. The funny thing was that it cost John Pemberton over $70 in expanses, so the first year of sales were a loss. Until 1905, the soft drink, marketed as a tonic, contained extracts of cocaine as well as the caffeine-rich kola nut. In 1887, another Atlanta pharmacist and businessman, Asa Candler bought the formula for Coca Cola from inventor John Pemberton for $2,300. By the late 1890s, Coca Cola was one of America’s most popular fountain drinks, largely due to Candler’s aggressive marketing of the product. With Asa Candler, now at the helm, the Coca Cola Company increased syrup sales by over 4000% between 1890 and 1900 Robinson (Anonymous, 2001). Advertising was an important factor in John Pemberton and Asa Candler’s success and by the turn of the century, the drink was sold across the United States and Canada. Around the same time, the company began selling syrup to independent bottling companies licensed to sell the drink. Even today, the US soft drink industry is organized on this principle Robinson (Anonymous, 2001). STRENGTHS AND MARKETING STRATEGIES THAT ACCOUNTS FOR ITS SUCCESS: 1. COKE’S BRAIN BRANDING: Somehow, Coke has created a brand that its fans believe in and identify with. The brand unlocks a treasure trove of brand reinforcements that have little to do with the taste or quality of the product. And it was this effect that Coke turned its back on in the introduction of New Coke in 1985. It’s this untapping of brand beliefs we have to keep in mind when we talk about branding and search. With search interactions, the appearance of a brand can unlock belief structures just as strong as Coke’s (Anonymous, 2011). Absent a brand, consumers will choose on price. When a known brand is included, consumers will add their perception of the brand to the decision-making process and judge accordingly. So to increase the chances that your product or service is selected, make sure you have a strong brand with which people can identify themselves. Coke is a brand which has been endorsing brand personalities since its birth, indeed the brand personality most of the people run after. Its slogan says, â€Å"opens happiness† which is something that makes people think that they can actually have a good time sitting with friends and family while having coke through get together (Anonymous, 2001). 2. TASTE: * Coke’s flavor, which is slightly bitterer and less sweet, is easier to drink over long periods of time. So consumers are more likely to order a second Coke in a sitting than they are a second Pepsi. Also people like coke because it doesn’t take away the food you are drinking coke with like water instead gives a complimentary taste along the food which people like. * One research shows that people like coca cola because It’s the sugar rush and the caffeine as well as the refreshment factor. * It also is laced with cocaine (not since the early inception of coca-cola) * It’s addicting and its better than water and affordable (Delany, 2012). 3. QUALITY OF THE PRODUCT: * Coke is known for its exceptional quality and superiority in product value, the Company possesses quality certification from various local and international standards. 4. MORE EMOTIONAL BRANDING Many of the big Coke ad campaigns involve warm and fuzzy imagery: A jolly Santa Claus, adorable polar bears and nostalgic paintings. Studies have shown that these types of images cause people to feel more warmly toward Coke and thus be more likely to reach for the red cans instead of the blue ones at the store (Delany, 2012). 5. MORE HIGH PROFILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS With highly visible spots on top-rated shows like â€Å"American Idol† and the Super bowl, Coke gets its brand in front of more people. In the last few years, Pepsi has opted for less traditional campaigns that have not had huge payoffs. People would definitely go for the product sponsoring their favorite TV shows when there’s a choice and competition between 2 products (Delany, 2012). OTHER FACTORS WHICH INDIRECTLY PROMOTE COKE CONSUMPTION: * Transportation fleet of 77 bulkers as well as 2 ship loaders for efficient transport of concentrate, this accounts for the quick and efficient reservoir filling of coke in different countries and boasts the consumption level. * The economy of scale enables the company to maintain overhead cost and provide an edge over other competitors due to lower fixed cost per ton. Operational process cost is constantly observed for escalating efficiency and reducing cost. * Strong network of around 200 countries, positioned at strategic locations throughout the world, has enabled the company to create a remarkable distribution system and access to markets at even the remote parts of the country. * Marketing communication options that makes the brand known to the people and set higher standards to be achieved. 1. Advertising 2. Promotions 3. Event marketing and sponsorship 4. Public relations and publicity 5. Personal selling * Categories of advertisement coca cola uses to promote sales and benefits: 1. Television 2. Radio 3. Print 4. Direct response 5. Interactive: websites and online ads 6. Place advertising: billboards, movies, programs, airlines, product placement and point of purchase advertisement. These advertisement strategies has some influence on the consumers which affects the promotion and sales the product choosing the right themes of ads and identifying the right target audience in the advertisement is what makes coca cola a superior brand over other competitors. Brand personality and themes of advertisement that suits the target audience is indeed that makes the consumer try the brand and then stick to it (Anonymous, 2011). * CONSUMER RELATIONS Throughout 2012, Coca-Cola contributed $1,700,500 to a $46 million dollar political campaign known as â€Å"The Coalition Against The Costly Food Labeling Proposition, sponsored by Farmers and Food Producers†. This organization was set up to oppose a citizen’s initiative, known as Proposition 37, demanding mandatory labeling of foods containing genetically modified ingredients. As a result, there is a growing boycott of their products across North America. People started following the brand and it benefitted the company (Anonymous, 2011). * FEASIBILITY TO EMPLOYERS: Coca cola company provides its employs with a wide range of feasibility which keeps them entangled into loyalty towards the company and to work in transformational terms rather than transactional. For example employee working in coca cola gets amount on which they started the job* no of years of his service, when they leave the company irrespective of whether they have been fired or given the resignation. For example an employee who worked for 10 years and with a starting salary of 80,000 rupees would get 8 lakh rupees when he would step out of the company along with his working experience. KO graduate gets an experience based degree in supply chain which can only be attained while working in the coca cola company. It is an experience base degree not yet accessible in Pakistan’s any institute or university, so working in coca cola not only provides its employees with monetarily benefits but also some experience based skills which are beyond the level of skills and accomplishments that other companies provides. Since KO graduate’s degree is inaccessible in Pakistan’s any university yet, so employees holding it through coca cola company would have a upper hand on all the other graduates and likewise are preferred more in other organizations as compared to those who doesn’t have it. These benefits opens doors into the big corporate world for employees. This is one strategy used by coca cola to keep the productive employees bound to the company and take the company far ahead toward the mission of the organization (Anonymous, 2011). * PARTICIPATION MARKETING: Participation marketing has witnessed tremendous growth in recent years as marketers are leveraging new media to build their brands through user-generated-content at a time when budgets are constrained (Anonymous, 2001). It is a thought not lost on Coke, which is turning to fans to help it double the size of its business by 2020. The soft drinks brand is looking to launch more collaborative product innovation projects with its customers, franchisees and bottlers as part of its ambition to become a less â€Å"secretive† company. Additionally, the brand is using its 50-million strong Facebook community to identify and support ideas that make people happy, a move the business is dubbing â€Å"the next step in fan culture.† STANDS AND POSITIONS: Coca-Cola has gone through a number of different advertising slogans in its long history, including â€Å"The pause that refreshes,† â€Å"I’d like to buy the world a Coke,† and â€Å"Coke is it.† COCA COLA in Pakistan claim in its slogan â€Å" OPENS HAPPINESS† is indeed true and fulfilled as it opens a way for family to sit in real time and chat while having coke. Children adore coke so they sit stacked for it. So do teenagers. The lyrics of the slogan are outstanding and so is the overall presentation! It charges you up in a charming, vigorous and vibrant way infusing positive emotions in your being with family and friends. People love coke (Delany, 2012). COCA-COLA OPENS HAPPINESS FOR CONSUMERS AND RETAILERS:| | | One of the world’s most iconic brands, Coca-Cola intimately understands consumer sentiment and how to influence their decision to buy, employing a combination of game-changing marketing savvy and retailer collaboration. Those winning in today’s marketplace understand the path to purchase can be influenced successfully through a deeper consideration of evolving consumer trends, and by working in partnership to make their brands relevant to shoppers (Anonymous, 2001).| IN MASS MEDIA: Coca-Cola has been prominently featured in countless films and television programs. Since its creation, it remains as one of the most important elements of the popular culture. It was a major plot element in films such as One, Two, Three, The Coca-Cola Kid, and The Gods Must Be Crazy among many others. It provides a setting for comical corporate shenanigans in the novel Syrup by Maxx Barry. And in music, in The Beatles’ song, â€Å"Come Together†, the lyrics said, â€Å"He shoot Coca-Cola, he say†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Beach Boys also referenced Coca-Cola in their 1964 song â€Å"All Summer Long† (i.e. ‘Member when you spilled Coke all over your blouse?) Also, the best selling artist of all time and worldwide cultural icon Elvis Presley, promoted Coca-Cola during his last tour of 1977. The Coca-Cola Company used Elvis’ image to promote the product. For example, the company used a song performed by Presley, A Little Less Conversation, in a Japanese Coca-Cola commercial (Anonymous, 2001). SALES: According to the 2005 Annual Report, the company sells beverage products in more than 200 countries. The report further states that of the more than 50 billion beverage servings of all types consumed worldwide every day, beverages bearing the trademarks owned by or licensed to Coca-Cola account for approximately 1.5 billion (the latest figure in 2010 shows that now they serve 1.6 billion drinks every day). Of these, beverages bearing the trademark â€Å"Coca-Cola† or â€Å"Coke† accounted for approximately 78% of the company’s total gallon sales. Also according to the 2007 Annual Report, Coca-Cola had gallon sales distributed as follows: 42% in the United States 37% in Mexico, India, Brazil, Japan and the People’s Republic of China 20% spread throughout the rest of the world In 2010, it was announced that Coca-Cola had become the first brand to top  £1 billion in annual UK grocery sales (Anonymous, 2001). SALES CHART OF COCA COLA FROM 2001 TO 2010: Today, products of the Coca Cola Company are consumed at the rate of more than one billion drinks per day. Coca-Cola (KO) has more than 500 non-alcoholic brands, which the company is selling worldwide. The company primarily sells sparkling beverages; however, its portfolio of products is not limited to these beverages. Coca-Cola also sells water, juices and juice drinks, ready-to-drink teas and coffees, and energy and sports drinks. Coca-Cola is one of the most widely recognizable brands in the world, and the company is mature. Like any other mature company, Coca-Cola pays a substantial percentage of its earnings to its shareholders in shape of cash dividends. Prospect of healthy income stream and stable growth makes Coca-Cola an ideal investment for income investors (Anonymous, 2011). BIGGEST COMPETITOR: PEPSI The two most popular carbonated drinks in almost all countries of the world are Coke and Pepsi. At first taste, they may seem the same, but those who prefer one over the other can tell the difference between them. They are both made from the same ingredients and they both contain the same amount of calories. * ABOUT COCA-COLA The popular drink known as Coke has the longer name of Coca-Cola. It was first manufactured in 1886 by John Pemberton as a medicinal product that contained cocaine. The cocaine content was removed from the recipe in 1930. The ingredients in Coke are carbonated water, sugar, phosphoric acid, caffeine and natural flavorings. The source of caffeine in Coke is Kola nuts. They contain about 3% caffeine and this is what gives the drink a bitter flavor. A can of coke contains about 140 calories. There are varieties of the drink as well, such as Vanilla Coke, caffeine-free Coke, sugar free Coke and Coke Zero. There is a mystery ingredient in Coke that is called 7X (Delany, 2012). * ABOUT PEPSI Pepsi, also known as Pepsi Cola, was first developed in North Carolina in 1893 by Caleb Bradham. It was originally known as â€Å"Brad’s Drink† because of the creator. He invented the drink in his pharmacy as a digestive drink that would also boost energy levels. The name of the drink comes from the enzyme, pepsin, which is one of the enzymes in the digestive system. The company changes the logo of Pepsi on an annual basis. The main ingredients are sugar, phosphoric acid, caramel color, caffeine, citric acid, corn syrup and natural flavors and there are about 150 calories in a can of Pepsi. It contains a higher percentage of sugar than other black carbonated beverages. The same company also sells other carbonated drinks, such as Mountain Dew and Diet Pepsi (Delany, 2012). * DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN COKE AND PEPSI Both Pepsi and Coke are black carbonated drinks that are served in restaurants and cafes as well as being widely available in stores. They are sold in cans and various sizes of bottles. They look the same and cannot be distinguished by color alone. Pepsi tastes a bit sweeter than Coke because it contains more sugar. Coke has more fizz than Pepsi and is a smooth drink because the fizz evaporates faster. Today the ingredients are almost the same in both, but in the early years cocaine was one of the ingredients in Coke. Pepsi uses more branding techniques than Coke does and it changes its logo every year. Coke still has the same logo. It contains a mystery ingredient called 7X, but Pepsi does not have any mystery ingredients (Delany, 2012). This table will better illustrate the differences between Coke and Pepsi: Coke| Pepsi| Not as sweet as Pepsi, is fizzier, but smooth| Sweeter than Coke and not as smooth| Has a secret ingredient – 7X| No secret ingredient| Has the same logo| Changes its logo every year| SUGGESTION: Pepsi needs to place more attention to its Frito Lay brands, when people buy coke or Pepsi soft drinks they compliment with chips or cakes. Pepsi shouldn’t worry bout beating coke with soda, let consumer buy coke, but make sure that same consumer drink that coke, with a bag of lays brand chips or cakes. And if the consumer prefers Pepsi, than it’s a complete win for pepsico. REFERENCES: Delany.D. (2012). Reasons Why Coke Is Better Than Pepsi. Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http://www.ehow.com/info_8121864_reasons-coke-better-pepsi.html#ixzz2LMKm6jHF Anonymous. (2001). The coca cola company. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from

Mark Walsh the protagonist in the novel “Triage” Essay

Scott Anderson’s novel â€Å"Triage deals† with war and the reminiscence of war. Mark Walsh, the protagonist in Triage is a New York based photojournalist who specialises in war photography. During the nine years Mark is in the industry, he believes that â€Å"you have to keep it separate, keep it separate, and you don’t feel a thing.† Even though within the first nine years Mark believes that he is following his own advice and â€Å"keeping it separate†, in the novel there is much evidence of when he is unable to keep it separate and ultimately every war he goes to affects him. Mark thinks that he is able to â€Å"keep it separate† but the novel demonstrates how Mark tries, but inevitably his subconscious is unable to â€Å"keep it separate†. Mark’s father is a former Marine who has also been scarred by war. He understands that war â€Å"affects you, it never stops affecting you.† At the time Mark believes that he is fine, he had looked his father in the eye and said â€Å"it doesn’t affect me.† While trying to â€Å"keep it separate†, Mark resorts to a range of protective behaviours. Joaquin refers to the camera as â€Å"a very convenient device for placing distance between oneself and one’s surroundings.† For Mark the camera acts as a shield between reality and him, he even admits â€Å"you kind of forget that what’s happening in front of you is real.† When Mark is in Harir Cave he is directly involved, â€Å"without your camera, it’s not so easy.† Talzani is referring to the fact that when you are apart of the war, when you are not just standing behind the camera shooting, when you are not separated by the camera, it is very different, and hard to deal with. When Mark has parties and get-togethers with his fellow war photographers they never talk about their experiences at war, they only talk about how the photos turn out and technical things. In some ways, not talking about it is a way for Mark to â€Å"keep it separate.† Throughout the novel, Anderson often brings up the photographers drinking. When Elena asks David at the funeral to tell her the truth about Stewart’s death, all the photographers â€Å"nervously raised the bottles to their lips and drank.†No matter how hard Mark tries to â€Å"keep it separate†, ultimately he is unable to keep his life separate from his experiences of war. Most obviously this is proved after Colin’s death in Kurdistan. Mark cannot consciously deal with the crisis, so his mind blanks out and he shows the classic symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. After each photo shoot of a war  ends, Mark goes to a â€Å"neutral place† for a few days until the â€Å"fear or tension or anger dissipated.† In needing to go to a neutral place, subconsciously Mark understands that he is unable to completely keep the war experiences separate from his life. â€Å"This time of all times he should have waited.† Mark realises that his need for minimalism serves as a means of regaining a connection with life outside the war zones; it acts as a form of personal debriefing. This time he did not go to a neutral place and he can not keeping it separate anymore. The war story from Beirut of the little boy running towards Mark makes him feel guilt. He thinks that if he wasn’t so cowardly and ducked, or if he wasn’t there, the young boy would not have been killed. This shows that Mark is unable to keep it separate, he even admits, â€Å"wouldn’t it affect anyone?† Mark reveals â€Å"the pain only when he thought he was alone.† In the novel when Mark allows â€Å"a single sob to escape from his throat†, he is unable to keep it separate anymore. In trying to â€Å"keep it separate†, Mark suffers many consequences. Colin’s death was too big a shock for Mark to deal with alone and so he turns back to how he always used to deal with war, Mark tries to keep it separate but ends up keeping everything separate, including his emotions and ultimately losing track of himself, resulting towards Mark never being able to be â€Å"the easy, confident man he had been.† After returning from Kurdistan Mark’s â€Å"heart has stayed with the dead†. Every time he sees himself in the mirror he pretends to introduce himself, â€Å"Hello, Mark Walsh†, as if he was a total stranger. At one of the dinner parties, Mark did not know how to react to things so he copied others emotions â€Å"because he wasn’t having any of his own.† Even Mark himself thinks maybe â€Å"that he had vanished back there on the hilltop.† Ironically Mark tells Elena that â€Å"people don’t just vanish†, but Elena feels that Mark â€Å"seemed to be deteriorating right before her eyes.† Even Marks father believes that â€Å"Mark died a long time ago.† Mark has been keeping it separate for too long. He didn’t know how to tell anybody about his experiences because â€Å"one story, one pain bled into the next, and they spilled out until there was nothing left to hold.† So instead Mark keeps everything bottled up inside, it went on for so long that he had â€Å"eyes of the dead†.

Attitude to Feminism in HoD

Attitude to Feminism in HoD In Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Marlow’s preconceived notion of the naà ¯ve and sheltered woman is revealed early in the novel: â€Å"It’s queer how out of touch with truth women are! They live in a world of their own and there had never been anything like it and never can be. It is too beautiful altogether, and if they were to set it up it would go to pieces before the first sunset.† (Conrad 10) However, it is because of the women’s purity and naivete that the female characters in the novel–Marlow’s aunt, knitters of black wool, the African mistress, and the Intended–possess a sense of mystery and wield power over the men. The women eventually lead the reader to the discovery of a new truth—not that of the stark reality of the Congo, but of the fact that men yield to women’s will as a way to discover and assert themselves. The women are powerful enough to present the men with a direction, a literal journey, and a sense of purpose. Though Marlow’s aunt and the wool knitters appear for only a short period, their presence precipitates and steers the course of the novel. Marlow’s aunt, who is presented as a disillusioned woman stubbornly adhering to the notion of â€Å"White Man’s Burden,† is the one who actually directs Marlow into his expedition of self-discovery and truth in the first place. This irony is compounded by the fact that it is Marlow’s aunt who comes to the rescue when his own efforts prove fruitless: â€Å"The men said ‘My dear fellow,’ and did nothing. Then–would you believe it?–I tried the women. I, Charlie Marlow, set the women to work–to get a job.† (6) This passage implies that, regardless of Marlow’s condescending views of women, he too realizes (though without admitting it outright) the female influence and his and other men’s powerlessness. It is his aunt’s belief in the fundamental goodness of humanity that gives her power over men; she justifies male imperialistic goals and becomes the object onto which these men project wealth, power, and status. The women in the Belgian company office knit black wool, symbolizing and foreshadowing a sealed fate, dark and tragic. Their power rests in their possession of this fate, and their presence is so domineering that later in the journey, Marlow yields to their unquestionable authority: â€Å"The knitting old woman with the cat obtruded herself upon my memory as a most improper person to be sitting at the other end of such an affair.† (59-60) If Marlow’s aunt is the usher into Darkness, then the knitters are the Darkness’ gatekeepers, and Conrad’s representation of fate as two women is no concidence. The connection between the aunt and the knitters, and eventually the other female characters, binds them in a sisterhood, and their roles only complement their own respective goals in maneuvering the men. The ending of the book is shaped by the African mistress and the Intended. In physical contrast to the ailing Kurtz, the two women are towers (literally, by the descriptions of their height and outstretched arms) of strength, devotion, and purity. Throughout the book, Kurtz is the â€Å"remarkable person† (16), the â€Å"exceptional man† (19), and a quasi-Christ-like figure, but, to Marlow, the Intended is a god: â€Å"bowing my head before the faith that was in her† (70) and â€Å"silencing me into an appalled dumbness† (69). While Kurtz holds truth, the Intended holds illusion, and Marlow’s ultimate lie proves the world of women overcomes the world of truth. It is women’s illusion that shelters men and gives them strength and purpose. This protection can be clearly seen with the Intended: her depiction of Kurtz is drastically different from the reader’s observations, and her distorted image of Kurtz creates his pristine legacy by cle ansing him of his corruption. Her â€Å"inextinguishable light of belief and love† (69) manages to extinguish the darkness of humanity, of the man’s world. Marlow’s asserts women are â€Å"out of it† (44), that they exist in their own ideal space, void of vision and possibility and unbeknownst to truth and reality. Yet Marlow’s journey into the Congo places him into a dreamlike state in which he similarly cannot discern truth from fantasy. The implications of a thick, dark jungle signify a world where â€Å"the reality fades† and â€Å"the inner truth is hidden† (30). Thus, though both the female and male worlds are dark, the female characters dominate because they have not fallen into the male abyss—due to their purity and pledge of responsibility and faith. Marlow’s hazy journey into the Congo and hazy views of the female gender are similar, and this similarity is made even more apparent when he encounters the African mistress, who actually embodies the wilderness itself: â€Å"And in the hush that had fallen suddenly upon the whole sorrowful land, the immense darkness, the colossal bo dy of the fecund and mysterious life seemed to look at her, pensive, and though it had been looking at the image of its own tenebrous and passionate soul.† (56) Ironically, he is strongly attracted to her powerful feminine force, the force of nature, of the female world, which he had once made an effort to avoid. With his travel down the Congo, he has been forced to immerse himself in the female realm, an image of the African mistress with receiving arms, which has similarly â€Å"caressed him [Kurtz]†¦taken him, loved, him, embraced him, got into his veins, consumed his flesh, and sealed his soul†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (44). Marlow’s confused view of women can be read in parallel with Conrad’s own struggle to overtly and covertly balance the strong female presences in his work. In the beginning of the novel, Marlow is disoriented by his aunt, who manages to throw his opinions of gender and power into question. Thereby, Marlow becomes uneasy about his own powerlessness and the fact that women might have an existence aside from his problematic interpretations. In order to adhere to his viewpoints, however, Marlow refuses to admit the nuances he himself allows the reader to observe (i.e. the unmistakable power of his aunt, the knitters, the African mistress, and the Intended beyond his own), and his omission reveals a fear which in turn imparts an independent and potent sphere to those women. It is with this sphere–and the mystery within–that Conrad is able to reveal female power beyond a literal portrayal. That power is deeply psychological and subconscious, and closely intertwi ned amongst the women–the aunt ushering, the knitters guiding, the African mistress embracing, and the Intended cleansing–to conform the male characters to the female will. Works Cited Joseph Conrad. Heart of Darkness. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1990.

Facebook Growth, Challenges and Milestones Essay

Facebook Growth, Challenges and Milestones - Essay Example The Facebook quest to become the leading social interaction website and an essential business and personal networking tool for all who are connected is being hampered by massive challenges such as competition from rival firms, privacy issues, lawsuits as well as need to provide better interaction services while still maintaining its credibility.   After a detailed review of the article, the reader generates conclusive decisions that can be adopted by the company. The main purpose of the article is to expose the many challenges faced by Facebook in spite of there success. The author stipulates that, even though Facebook registrations have grown massively, there is no time for celebration due to the challenges faced by the firm and the milestone achievement expected by the executive arm of the corporation. The author illustrates how the recent changes in Facebook home pages have seriously devastated customers especially those who prefer limiting their friends and privacy. By collecting materials and information from the company’s executives and the general public as well as reviewing published work concerning the new WebPages, the author seeks to enlighten the general public about the shortfalls of Facebook as well as exposing the management inconsiderate view to customer’s complaints.

Animal Experimentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Animal Experimentation - Essay Example Animal testing should be conducted following its immense health benefits towards humans in relation to assisting preterm babies and children. In this light, animal experiments have helped to come up with a solution to ensure that preterm babies survive despite their weak bodies and health. This is due to experiments conducted on lambs using steroids that have proved the strengthening properties of steroids on their lungs. For this reason, animal testing gives hope to parents of such babies by giving them an opportunity to increase their child’s chances of survival. These tests on animals show the influence of corticosteroids on the young and weak, breathing system of animals involved, lamb, and sheep, by speeding up the rate of development. In children, it has thus, saved lives by developing surfactants for babies that cannot develop on their own. Studies due to the same experiments have even improved the chances of survival for children born to mothers who received doses of c orticosteroids, as opposed to those that did not. It is for this reason that animal testing should be done, sustained, and supported. In addition, animal testing should be conducted for the discoveries it has advanced towards treatment of most of the world’s known diseases and conditions. In light of this, scientists make use of animals to develop new cures and treatments for conditions such as hypertension. This is done using venom from highly poisonous snakes, all in an attempt to improve the quality of life for humans and improve longevity. The use of venom in this case is because of accidental discoveries and not direct experiments on animals to determine the potential. This is following collapsing of banana workers after potent bites from certain snake breeds, which resulted in drastic fall, in their blood pressure. Animal experiments have helped improve human life by alleviating suffering and certain ailments from their lives. This creates a strong basis for the progres sion of animal testing. In addition, animal testing has helped create treatments for cancer, in the form of therapy to alleviate human suffering from the condition. Concerning this, animal testing has helped saved lives by using animals in experiments to test how humans are likely to respond to certain treatment measures and conditions. As a result, it saves a lot of time that would have been spent in testing the drugs and treatment conventionally and getting approval. Instead, I believe that these animal help to alleviate this dilemma by ensuring that medication and other forms of treatment availed to humans are suitable for their wellbeing, or at least not harmful to the least effect. This is as opposed to direct treatments and therapies that may see humans lose their lives due to strong after-effects of treatments and therapies. This is case especially for cancer treatments, in which therapies are first tried with animals before advancing to humans for more tests. Moreover, anima l tests assist in production of medication that cannot be produced synthetically, as was the case for early insulin for diabetics. In this light, insulin was derived from animals to regulate glucose levels in the blood stream and keep diabetes in check. Animal tests also help in the development of vaccines to fend off diseases and pathogens off the human body and sustain good health. However, in spite of all the benefits that animal testing is known to have, there are people of the contrary opinion on the use of animals for experiments aimed at improving human life. For this reason, they believe that the experiments should not be conducted as they are a selfish means for humans to increase their longevity, while exterminating other

Mental Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mental Illness - Essay Example Panic attacks usually last for a short duration of time in which a person is subject to stress and overload of anxiety and they have a sudden intensity of that anxiety. A panic attack is characterized by a person having heart palpitations, sweating, trembling and shaking, shortness of breath, a feeling of choking, chest pains, nausea, dizzy and lightheaded sensations, numbing or tingling sensations, a feeling of distance from reality or from oneself, a fear of dying, losing control or going crazy (Panic attack, American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Panic attacks can often lead to panic disorder. This is mental illness that is characterized by a series of panic attacks that a person experiences over a period of time due to anxiety and stress. It is a recurrence of this unexpected panic attacks that create the disorder. Many times it is diagnosed with or without agoraphobia present (Panic disorder with agoraphobia, American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Agoraphobia is the condition in which a sufferer of the panic disorder often begins to have continuous concern that another panic attack will come on. It is the anticipation of going to a certain place where they fear that a panic attack will occur. It is often difficult for people to travel beyond their comfort zones without suffering from severe anxiety. Many people find it hard to go to shopping malls, ride a bus or attend theater or sports performances because of the urge to need to find a quick route to get out so that they do not become embarrassed if they were to have an anxiety attack (Anxiety Disorders Association of America, 2011). Patients are worried that certain situations will cause them to have a panic attack and therefore sometimes start to avoid situations which make them anxious or nervous. They are often afraid to do something as

Human sexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Human sexuality - Essay Example To be in love is a feeling that comes and passes away after a while. To be in love with someone is often related to romance and relationships. Loving someone, on the other hand, is what one can say sustains a relationship after the infatuation fades away. At this point, one is fully aware of the other person’s flaws and the differences between them and still chooses to stay with them. To love someone is unconditional, like how a mother loves her child that makes her always defend the child no matter what or the general feeling we have for our family. You take the person you love for who they are and will always be there for them no matter what. The feeling of love is something that gradually grows as one gets to know the other person and accept them for whom they truly are. To love someone means that the feeling will never go away. Therefore, this implies  that it is possible to be in love with someone and not love him or her. Alternatively, that you can love someone without necessarily saying you are in love with him or her. Like you can love your dog, but you cannot say that you are in love with your dog. I agree with this statement. In unconditionally self-loving one’s self, one can feel like they truly deserve of the love they get in return from their partners, families or friends. If one were to sit and write down a list of things they want in their partner, you get to realize that it is all the characters you want in yourself. People try to be what they are not in order for other people to think that they are first before you can expect someone to fall in love with you (Collins, 2006). Self-love is all about falling in love with one’s self first, before turning to someone else to share that love with instead of only looking for someone to fill the hole we have in our lives out of feeling unworthy and undeserving of love. Awareness and self-acceptance

Economics of Money and Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics of Money and Banking - Essay Example Investments are a boon for the progress of any economy. This does not imply that the commercial banks would charge negative interest rates to the investors in order to boost up investment thresholds in the country. The banking institutions may offer loans at zero interest rates. Zero interest rate policy under taken by the central bank of a country is a situation where they charge a low nominal rate of interest (Woodford, 2001). This is associated with stimulating the economy, when the pace of economic development is low in a nation. Interest rates can never be negative, a negative interest rate charged on loans is a hypothetical state where the bank would offer concessions on loans charged to the investors or borrowers. This will not only involve loss of gross reserve in a bank but also lead to non potential investments in the economy. The commercial banks will land up offering loans on risky and unviable projects and thus may be forced to offer implicit bail outs to many failed pro jects in the economy. This would make the overall investment market uncertain in the economy. Thus, interest rate charged on loans can never be negative. The Taylors rule is a model used for determining the interest rates in the economy; it was introduced by John Taylor in 1992. This rule explained the different interest rates that the Federal Reserve would probably set in future in United States, based on the theory of rational expectations in macroeconomics. Taylor framed his model assuming that all the economic entities in the market will always have positive expectations about the future economy. The Taylors model cannot consider the long term prospects of an economy (Asso, Kahn and Leeson, 2010). As taken in this essay, the Taylors formula is: r=p+0.75(5.5%-u) + 0.5(p-2) + 2. Where r = Federal funds rate. u= Unemployment rate. p= Rate of inflation. Fig 1: Federal Fund Interest Rates by Taylors Rule Years Federal Fund Rate  ® 01/03/10 -1.24 01/06/10 -1.48 01/09/10 -1.48 01/12/ 10 -1.40 01/03/11 0.02 01/06/11 -1.25 01/09/11 -1.18 01/12/11 -0.80 01/03/12 0.19 01/06/12 -0.58 01/09/12 -0.28 01/12/12 -0.28 (Source: STLOUISFED, 2013a; STLOUISFED, 2013b) The table above shows the different quarterly rates of interest, the Federal Reserve could set in 2010, 2011 and 2012 according to the Taylors Rule. â€Å"Yes†, following the above schedule it can be concluded that the Taylors rule suggested keeping the federal funds rate negative in the recent years. This is because the economy is facing recessionary trails in the market in the last few years. A negative interest rate would suggest the Federal Reserve to set expansionary monetary policies and augment the velocity of circulation of money in the U.S. economy. Task 2 In normal market conditions, Taylors rule suggested that the federal funds rate must be such that the inflation and real interest rates in the economy would be 2% and the rate of unemployment naturally existing in the economy would be 6%. Howev er considering the present recessionary trails in the market the Taylors rule have suggested that the federal funds rate must be negative to induce monetary easing in the crisis economy of U.S. The Taylors rule has become an important pivotal support for most of the policies framed by the federal bank. However, the analysis about different economic outcomes made by the Federal Bank is much deeper than the other central banks in the globe. Taylors rule viewed that the U.S. economy was in a crisis in the recent years, it was desirable for the U.S. central bank to simply adopt

Compare the imagery in the following two poems Essay

Compare the imagery in the following two poems - Essay Example metry?† In the same manner, he also vividly provided us the fierceness of the tiger as he painted its image as â€Å"Burnt the fire of thine eyes?  / On what wings dare he aspire?† Blake also used metaphors in the succeeding line using metaphors such as â€Å"fire† to further describe the fierceness and power of the â€Å"Tyger†. Then Blake wrote with a certain degree of awe when he ascribed the â€Å"Tyger† as a mere creation of a Creator that he asked, â€Å"And what shoulder, & what art† have created it? He would like to ask the intelligence who made it because the Tyger is so fierce that it could turn against its maker evident with these lines â€Å"What the hammer? what the chain?   In what furnace was thy brain?  / What the anvil? what dread grasp  / Dare its deadly terrors clasp?† Finally, when his questions were already made about the tiger and its Creator, he wondered if its Creator was pleased to create the tiger with the question â€Å"Did he smile his work to see†. This poem more than its visual narration is more metaphysical in nature as it asked creation, God and His Wisdom. It used metaphors and vivid imagery for his point to be effectively conveyed to its readers. Unlike the â€Å"The Tyger† which has heavy metaphysical theme, Blake’s other poem entitled â€Å"Daffodils† is really a poem of appreciation for nature. As one would read through the poem, it was as if Blake is tour guiding the reader about the Daffodils when he â€Å"WANDERD lonely as a cloud / That floats on high oer vales and hills, / When all at once I saw a crowd, / A host, of golden daffodils; / Beside the lake, beneath the trees, / Fluttering and dancing in the breeze†. In reading these lines, the imagery is so alive that it was as if Blake himself had taken the reader â€Å"beside the lake and beneath the trees†. After being under the trees, Blake asked the reader to look up to the skies to see what he saw. It’s the â€Å"twinkle on the Milky Way† as it stretched throughout

Globalization and Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Globalization and Migration - Essay Example The people in this world belong to different religions, different continents, different continents, different cultures and different races. There are many differences in the ways the people living in different prospect differ. The people need to be aware of the differences and they need to explore and know more. For that reason we see that the people have started travelling around the world to know more and to get answers to the questions. This is the concepts of globalization. Globalization is the concept and the rationale in itself. It means the people are moving to other places to get more from the people who belong to the different religions and the cultures. The concept that underlies the idea of the globalization is migration. Migration is the movement of the people across the borders, from one country to the other, with the permission of the higher authorities belonging to the foreign destination country. In this way too the globalization is still there. The countries have higher authorities which are known to us as the embassies. The embassies are the authorities which the grant the foreigners the permission to make entry in their countries. This restriction to the easy and open entry is due to many factors. The main factor is the illegal activities that occur due to the foreign immigrants in the country which in the end might be harmful or detrimental for the country's safety. For the purpose of the migration some countries have lower restrictions as compared to the other countries. Illegal activities and globalization With the increase in the globalization and the increase in the people travelling to the other destinations of the world, it has been seen that the criminal activates are also increasing day by day. The ease with which the people are able to cross the borders of the countries make the people perform some illegal activities including the illegal migrations, the human smuggling or the human trafficking. This list also includes the refugees which are able to cross the borders across to the other countries and they take their refugee in the other countries. Human trafficking: The case Friman and Reich (2007) discuss that there are two concepts that might be intermixed in this case. The first concept is called the human smuggling which is very different from the human trafficking. The human smuggling means that the person wants to be transported across the border illegally and the smuggler is paid some fee for that and after being transported illegally, smuggled person is free to do any thing in the other country. In the second case the human trafficking means that the person so the persons are transported across the borders, though illegally, in addition against the will and the wish of the person being transported. The people being transported are transported force fully. The reasons underlying human trafficking The human trafficking is done so that the people are forced into some illegal work forces. This includes the forced slavery, servitude or debt bondage. In this way the trafficker deprives the person of the basic human rights of the person who is being trafficked across the border. The person is sometimes physically forced to being trafficked. It has been seen that the people are even deceived into lies such as better futures in the

Scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism Essay Example for Free

Scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism Essay The Shinto theory of creation of universe holds a remarkable similarity with the theories propagated in scriptures of Rig Veda in Hinduism. Though apparently both the religions have flourished in completely isolation, the theories of creation propounded by Shinto religion bears a significant similarity to Hinduism particularly in description of evolution of earth and the succession of human beings from Gods. The belief of God as being the originator of entire creation is central to both. While Shinto describes the world before creation as a mixture of dark and bright parts of cloud, Rig-veda asserts that in the beginning only darkness prevailed, completely devoid of any sign of existence in the form of light, air, or ether. . Only God was present to initiate the evolution. According to Shinto, after the separation of heaven from earth, depending upon the density of waste material and the proportion of brightness and weight, a reed was born between earth and heaven. It is cited that the first God Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto was born from this reed. Interestingly, Rig Ved also cites a passage tellling that Lord Brahma, who is believed to be the father (creator) of universe in hinduism, was born out of a flower. However, unlike Lord Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto , Lord Brahma was born from a flower that grew from the stomach of Lord Vishnu. Both Lord Kuni-toko-tachi no Mikoto and Lord Brahma are one of the first Gods in Shinto and Hindu religion respectively and bear a plant as the cause of their birth. Both the theories give a sequential detail of formationm of earth and its components, beginning form prevailing darkness to the formation of different components of light. Shinto, however, gives a comparatively unique and consistent theory of creation whereas the details provided by Rig Veda are multi-faceted and at many occasions, inconsistent. While some portions of Rig-Veda describe Brahma as Lord Shiva as the first God, creator of the system, some other passages have described Lord Vishnu as the originator and driving force behind the universe. It is mentioned that all the Gods had been created form the pores of the body of Lord Vishnu. As far as the physical developments of planetary systems and earth are concerned, many a times, both the theories prescribe a sequence of events evidently similar. The evolution of earth from darkness, formation of water, and emergence of life in water has been prescribed in both the theories, though these details are frequently confused by the inclusion of different roles played by different Gods. Shinto proclaims that Izanagi, the second god created by the First God carved an island by immersing his spear in an ocean and thendrippng the water on it, which turned itself into a mass of land, which later turned out to become the habitat of Izanagi, and his wife, Izanami. They later made more islands and Japan was thus born. Shinto, also gives a detailed explanation of the formation and evolution of earth and other solar components, again infused by the dramatic and, at several occasions, confusing roles played by different Gods.

The value of the information you find on the internet Essay Example for Free

The value of the information you find on the internet Essay You are asking some very good questions. I often wondered the same before I learned about this subject. I would be glad to answer your questions and tell you what they all mean. First, you ask ‘How to assess the value of the information you find on the internet’? Well, there are many ways to assess the information you find on the internet. The first of many ways that I use to assess this information is to check the author information, meaning is the author trustworthy. To do this I often will see if the author has background in the subject that I am researching. I think that by doing this the information written by those who do not have any experience in the subject will not be on my radar. This also allows you to determine whether or not an author is authentic. Another important thing to check to see if information is reliable is to check the date, checking the date will help you determine if the information is up-to-date and if it has been updated recently. I think that by making sure the information is not outdated will help the credibility of this information. thing to check to see if information is reliable is to check the date, checking the date will help you determine if the information is up-to-date and if it has been updated recently. I think that by making sure the information is not outdated will help the credibility of this information. Another thing you would need to check is the website dependable. When I say ‘dependable’ I mean is the website easily edited by others who do not have any experience in the field? Has this information edited recently, and by whom? When using the internet you must be cautious of the information you read because some information could be false. You also ask about the ‘digital divide’ and what it means. The best way I can describe it is the divide between people who are up to date with all of the technological advances and those who are not. The people who are up-to-date with all of the technology advances have many ways to access all volumes of modern media though the internet. Whether it is though the use of a smart phone or the use of a computer or another type of technical device, whereas the people who do not have access to these types of media, people who rely on more traditional media such as, newspapers, books, and magazines would be on the opposite side of the digital divide. To bridge the digital divide all people would have to be able to access all versions of mass media. Meaning everyone would need to have to have equal  access to the internet. By that I mean that everyone should have access to the internet. Whether at home or otherwise would be keeping everyone in the technological world would definitely help Bridge the gap in the digital age.

The Classification Of Fundamental Movement Skills

The Classification Of Fundamental Movement Skills The objective of this paper to have a literature review on fundamental movement skills and also to use the integrated approach of qualitative analysis of human movement to study the FMS performed by the child subject. The definition of FMS Fundamental movement skills are movement patterns that involve different body parts such as the legs, arms, trunk and head. Fundamental movement skills are the building blocks for playing games, sports, dance, gymnastics, outdoor education and physical recreation activities. The twelve common skills are balancing, running, jumping, catching, hopping, throwing, galloping, skipping, leaping, kicking, striking and dodging (Steps PD ,2007). The Classification of FMS Skills have many characteristics that can change in different environment, which makes classifying them difficult. In general, the Skill classification systems are based on the view that motor skills are affected by three factors: how precise a movement is whether the movement has a definite beginning and end whether the environment affects the performance of the skill (Brian Mac Sport Coach,1997) In this assignment, we will only look at Open and Closed skill classification. Open/Closed Skill Open skill is refers to the environment is constantly changing and so movements have to be continually adapted. Therefore, skills are predominantly perceptual and mostly externally paced; sports like Football is usually involve open skills. Close skill take place in a stable, predictable environment and the performer knows exactly what to do. These skills are not affected by the environment and tend to be habitual. Movements follow set patterns and have a clear beginning and end. The skills tend to be self-paced, for example a free throw in Basketball. The importance and relevance of developing FMS in children Fundamental motor skills provide a support base of movement from which more advanced skills can be developed. A child individual whose fundamental motor skills are not properly developed will not have a foundation upon which to build proficient movement forms. For example if a child is not able to balance, run, jump, throw, kick, strike, he will not be able to develop proficiency in playing soccer. The factors effecting the development of FMS Impairment Individuals with inherited impairment will have a significant constraint on the upper limit of performance attainable; there is no guarantee of success for an individual even with extensive and intensive specific practice. For example, one legged individual will definitely not able to dribble a soccer ball on the field. Social economic status Studies from WHO have showed that countries with higher socioeconomic status like UK, USA, Australia will have heavier or overweight kids who grow faster that those with lower socioeconomic status, for example in UK, a 3 years old kid are 1/2 taller than other countries like Laos. These overweight kids will usually spent more time on watching television than exercise; hence studies have shown that these kids tend to be less competent in the skill of running than non-overweight (Informa Health , 2010). Cultural This refers to cultural restriction in certain countries that do not allow individual to play or learn certain sports. Example, in middle countries like Iran because of its strict Islamic dress code, women are not allow to reveal any parts of the body such as face, hand and leg. This prohibits women gymnast in Iran to compete internationally, hence gymnastics is not a popular sport for women in Iran at all. Environmental Environmental constraints is refers to family or social support. Individual can reacts in many different ways to such constraints. This could either motivate an individual to greater heights or cause a dumper on the promising sport careers. School School with good coaching coach or teacher, sport science support, training equipment and facilities will usually have a positive impact on the individuals development of FMS as compared to those do not have. In Singapore this year another 9 primary schools and 6 secondary schools have been awarded the Program for School-Based Excellence and Niche Program status respectively. The awards aim to encourage greater diversity in schools by helping them to develop their strengths and unique niches. Students would have a more enriched educational experience by having more opportunities to grow in different areas of excellence like Sports. Assessment of FMS The assessment of movement skill is a critical component of many disciplines, In particular, the accurate information about the skill level of individual. There are several different ways to measure childrens performance of FMS, each with advantages and disadvantages, namely Quantitative and Qualitative. Quantitative assessment approaches involve measuring the product or outcome of the performance. Qualitative assessment focuses on the form or technique of the movement, namely how the skill is performed (Dr Beth Hands). The 4 stages of qualitative analysis of human movement written by Knudson and Morrison are Preparation, Observation, Evaluation and Diagnosis and Intervention (Duane V. Knudson Craig S. Morrison, 2002). Preparation The 1st of the 4 tasks of qualitative analysis is preparation. Kinesiology staff preparing for qualitative analysis must have some knowledge on the activity or movement, the performers, and able to give effective instruction as such professionals must continuously update their knowledge in all of these areas. In this experiment, the subject chosen is a 10 year old kid studying in a neighborhood school. He has no specialize training on athletics except from attending physical education lesson during school time. The critical features of the running movement suggested are as follow: Preparatory, Runners to your mark Hands sideways at starting line Stronger foot forward Opposite knee by opposite toe foot Head up and eyes looking forward about 2 feet Preparatory, Get Set Rear end raises up, butt is a little higher then shoulders Slowly raise to a standing position Head up and eyes Execution, Go Lands on ball of the foot Head stable Trunk stable Eyes focused forward Elbows bent at 90 Â ° Arms drive forward and back in opposition to the legs Non-support knee bends at least 90 Â ° during the recovery phase Observational strategy The 2nd task of qualitative analysis is observation. The observation for this experiment is based on a systematic observational strategy (SOS) to gather information about the critical features of a movement. An SOS can be organized based on the phases or sequence of the movement by balance or base of support, by the importance of critical features, or from a general impression to specific aspects of performance. The key elements of an SOS are: To focus attention, Control the situation so to optimize observation and the subjects performance, use variety of sensory information and the interaction of all the senses, not just vision for observation. Plan vantage points, viewing distances and numbers of observations, Plan the number of observations, Extend observational power using tools such as slow motion video replay. In this experiment, the observation is done by phases of the running movement. The 3 phases for the running movement observed are preparation, execution and follow through. A simple criteria sheet was developed to record the details of the observation in Appendix 1. Critical elements and observation remarks for the running movement were also detailed in Appendix 1. Evaluation and diagnosis of performance ( The 3rd task of qualitative analysis of human movement is the evaluation and the diagnosis of performance. The analyst must evaluate the strengths and weakness of the movements critical features. The process of diagnosis involves prioritizing the strengths and weaknesses so that intervention can be selected to improve performance. There are 6 rationales that may be used to prioritize intervention: Relating actions to previous actions, Maximizing improvement, Making the easiest corrections first (working in order of difficulty), Correcting in sequence, Moving upward from the base of support, Fixing critical features first. In this experiment, the evaluation done for the subject is as follow: The strength The subject is able to stand at the stronger foot forward before he runs; he is able to keep his eyes focused while is going forward. His truck is stable, and he is able to keep his elbows bent at 900 during the run. He is able to keep his arms swinging forward and back in opposition to the legs. He is able to land on ball of the foot or heels when he is running. The weakness The subject is not able to keep his head looking forward when he runs. His head is also tilt upwards; this may hurt his neck during the run. He tends to speed very fast during the initial stage of the run, and he gets very tired before he can finish the run. When he is running, he tends to open his hands, this has created more winds resistance (known as dragging). Validity and Reliability of the observation Validity is refers to the extent which a variable has been adequately measured, in the experiment conducted, the critical features of the running movement are captured using a video cam and it is later analyzed repeatedly using video playback, hence both the face validity and content validity relating to the running were captured and observed. Reliability refers to the extent to which any measuring procedure yields the same results on repeated trials. In the experiment conducted, intra-rater reliability was observed because the different experiment was conducted by the same analyst. In addition, Inter-rater reliability was also observed because the same subject was used in different trials. Intervention (Strategies for improving performance) The 4th task of qualitative analysis is the provision of some intervention to help the performer improve. Intervention includes traditional augment verbal feedback like using specific cue word or phrase for intervention and other methods such as using visual models, exaggeration, task modification, manual guidance, conditioning, attentional cueing, ecological intervention to teach and train a person to move better. Another consideration for those who wish to improve performance is the use of positive terms during feedbacks and in language that is age-appropriate or specific to the individual. So in this experiment, a variety of approaches of intervention are used for the subject for the 2 weakness as observed in the last topic. The use of age-appropriate cues when teaching the subject to close his hands when he run, example to tell the subject do not run like a duck, must close his hands. Demonstration by the instructors will be effective, because most people have a visual learning style. Using videos replays from the gold standards or poster of the key body positions in running will also effective. Through manual guidance by holding the subjects hand in specific position to give the subject a feel for the actual position or action or to ask subject to freeze on command so that the coach can manually change the subjects hand posture. Attentional cueing can involve the coach providing intervention as cue words to guide the subsequent performance. Cue words use like Close hands, should focus on the actions of the movement and teach the subject to become more aware of the movement. Conclusion Fundamental motor skills provide a wide base of movement abilities where more advanced skills can be developed. A child whose fundamental motor skills are not amply developed will not have a foundation upon which to build proficient movement forms. Using an integrated approach of qualitative analysis of human movement through preparation, observation, evaluation, diagnosis, intervention, coaches and teachers will able to improve the movement of the children. References Steps PD (2007). Foundation movement skill. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http://www.steps-pd.co.uk/fms.htm Brian Mac Sport Coach (1997). Skill Classification. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http://www.brianmac.co.uk/continuum.htm Informa Health (2010).International Journal of Pediatric Obesity. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/17477160903271971 Dr Beth Hands. How can we best measure Fundamental Movement Skills. Retrieved May 24, 2010 from http://escalate.ac.uk/downloads/6831.pdf AD Okely ML Booth (2004). Mastery of fundamental movement skills among children in New South Wales: prevalence and sociodemographic distribution. Retrieved May 24, 2010 http://www.jsams.org/article/S1440-2440(04)80031-8/abstract. Duane V. Knudson Craig S. Morrison (2002). Qualitative Analysis of Human Movement. Champaign IL: Human kinetics.

Essay --

According to Dmitry Medvedev, former Russian president, the average Russian drinks 18 liters (equivalent to 38 pints) of strictly vodka each year. Vodka is Russia’s favored drink and has a strong Russian history. Although vodka has provided a large issue to the economy due to the abuse of the substance, there are many good outcomes from the production of it with respect to jobs and tax revenue. The Russian government has tired to enforce multiple different ways of curbing the vodka consumption from the citizens, but they do not last. Russia has a large distribution of vodka around the world and the income keeps many Russians employed. For Russia, vodka is an occupation, pleasure and a devil, and a way of life. Vodka was introduced to Russia in the late 14th century and was known as the water of life. In 1386, an ambassador introduced the first vodka to the Grand Duke Dmitri Donskoy. The vodka was obtained by the purification of grape must and was thought of as a concentrate and a â€Å"spirit† of wine. This was the origination of other countries’ understanding of vodka being a spirit. The first vodka recipe ever made was by a Russian monk named Isidore in Moscow. He associated the drink as a â€Å"bread wine† unless it was a strong batch; in this case it would be known as â€Å"burning wine†. The word vodka was already being used at the time for herbal tinctures (an alcoholic extract from a plant or animal). The word was being used, but was not officially in writing. The liquid was officially named vodka after Empress Elizabeth used it in writing to regulate vodka distilleries on June 8th, 1751 (Wikipedia). With the creation of vodka, the countrywide struggle with alcoholism was established. The alcohol has caused the destruction of families,... ...ve their vodka not only for the taste and affects, but also to provide many of them with a way to have an income and place food on the table for their families. The consumption of vodka in Russia is among the highest in the world. Along with the consumption, Russia can be credited among the highest in the world for vodka production and sales. Alcoholism in Russia has become a large problem that needs to be taken care of. Political Leaders in Russia are devising ways to put a restraint on the amount of alcohol consumed by citizens. The outstanding demand for vodka in Russia has greatly helped the economy to thrive in business for families, a strong market, and state tax revenue. The decrease in consumption of alcohol will lower the efficiency of the market for vodka. Is the Russian government more worried about its’ citizens well being, or an efficient market.

Development of a Sustainable Democracy in East Germany and Poland :: Political Politics

Development of a Sustainable Democracy in East Germany and Poland Linz and Stepan list and describe a set of five elements that determine a consolidated democracy. Civil society, political society, rule of law, usable state of bureaucracy, and an institution of economic society all interact in complex ways to bring about democratic consolidation in countries. This paper focuses and emphasizes the interactions between the ^development of a free and lively civil society . . . [and] an institutionalized economic society . . . [which] must be present, or be crafted, in order for a democracy to be consolidated^ (Linz and Stepan pg. 17). Two former communist countries, East Germany and Poland, will be analyzed and critiqued about the prospects for sustainable democracy. Specifically, an analysis of the civil societies in the countries and how they react to their current economic situations will be used as a determinant for their chances of sustaining democracy. Both East Germany and Poland are considered success stories. Both countries have undergone free elections that have brought about new leaders in the country that have represented the citizens needs and wants, but the transition for these countries hasn^t been easy. Many citizens in both of the former Soviet bloc countries feel that their votes aren^t changing the social and economic conditions, and are rejecting the system with this ^learned helplessness^. An increasing number of citizens in both countries are turning to right wing policies as a result of the new and challenging social and economic order. Where before workers were guaranteed jobs, allowances, and other provisions from the state, now they face the cutthroat competition that defines capitalism. The economic societies in the countries have been approached from very different angles. Whereas East Germany was immediately incorporated into the strong economic and social conditions of West Germany, Poland was forced to handle the transition alone. While in East Germany labor and initiative collapsed and flowed West, Poland had no where to go, and the capitalist West flowed into their economy in the form of investments. The result has been very positive for Poland, which is now one of the fastest growing economies in Europe, but very negative for East Germany which is dawdling in high unemployment and low foreign investment. In societies where the party aspired to control all aspects of life, including persecution for unauthorized association, social life was very weak. Martial law and danger of persecution for unauthorized activities encouraged citizens in both countries to restrict their social ties to kin and very close friends. The result of this phenomenon has had a profound effect on the quality of civil

Do the media ‘construct’ social reality, or does it simply report on it

It is often suggested by scholars that the world and in all its content is ambiguous, there is no universal meaning, nothing can be interpreted the same way. Opinions are constantly clashing and facts somehow constructed, or tempered during the processes of news production. News becomes the fictions of reality; it becomes a way of story telling, made to the taste of the viewer, depending on the society of course. The same stories carry different values depending where when and how the stories are broadcasted, I will be talking about this in this essay. There are two approaches to report a piece of news; the realist, purely factual no interpretations given and very clear in usage of language. This method differs to that of the constructionist, in which events or situations are carefully analysed, and I will be talking about the implication of media â€Å"constructed† social reality. â€Å"Leaders who disillusion their followers live shorter politician lives than who learn to represent situations to their best political advantage†; (Bennett, 2007: p.111) here Bennett is almost suggesting that audience prefer to consume politically incorrectness over the truth, which could be troubling. It is true in terms of politics that politician are not always completely faithful to their promises Scheufele sited Entman’s definition of framing as ‘a scatter of conceptualization’ (1999), Conceptualization is the process of â€Å"inventing or contriving an idea or explanation and formulating it mentally† or â€Å"an elaborated concept† â€Å"framing is an extension of agenda setting† it set up a specific idea for an audience to believe in, audience is somewhat fooled into accepting one side of the story, and usually, they are unable or find it difficult to accept... ... Television in British Politics: Media, Money and mediated Democracy. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Glasser, T.L. (ed.) The Idea of Public Journalism. Chapter one. New York: Guilford Press. Luhmann, N. (2000) The Reality of the Mass Media. Cambridge: Polity Press. Richardson, J.E. (2007) Analysing Newspapers: an Approach from Critical Discourse Analysis. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Journal articles: Barnhurst, K.G. and Mutz, D. (1997) ‘American journalism and the decline in event-centred reporting’, Journal of Communication. 47 (4): 27-53 Scheufele, D.A. (1990) ‘Framing as a theory of media effects ’, Journal of communications. 49 (1): 103-122 Links: AlJazeera English (2010) ‘China ban on dog meat draw angry outcry’ February 08 available at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LZLLhd_0p_c http://www.thefreedictionary.com/conceptualization

Dimensions of Diversity

There is much lip service given these days to the concept of diversity in the workforce. The reason that it is â€Å"lip service† is that many people only have a vague understanding of what a diverse workforce actually is and why diversity is highly important within the business world. There are a number of reasons why a diverse workforce is an effective workforce. On a baseline level, a workforce that incorporates various dimensions of diversity will never be a stagnant work force.That is, when the people who make up the work force come from a multitude of backgrounds, there will be a variety of different perspectives offered on various business decisions. For example, if there is a question regarding how to market a specific product to a specific group of people, would it not be wise to have individuals from that specific group of people part of the decision making process regarding the actual marketing plan? It is surprising that there will be a number of companies that wil l actually exclude the targeted group from the planning stages.This is terrible management and will only lead to a number of missteps and oversights that could have easily been corrected had a more diverse workforce been employed. Also, incorporating dimensions of diversity in the workforce is the moral thing to do. To have a workforce that is exclusionary is no different than a cancerous growth at the epicenter of the company. Lack of diversity will eat away at a company until it can not function and, in the modern era, a workforce that is not diverse does not belong in the modern era at all.

Assessing the Dependency of Teamwork Dynamics to Cultural Differences Essay

A wall whether a conglomerate or a undiversified aggroup up is easier to handle and con be given has been going on for years. Companies, firms and even organizations argon starting to make aggroups as the elemental unit of their operations. Due to this trend, organisational researchers started to think the correlation mingled with the bit of the aggroup and the police squads step forwardturn (Earley & Mosakowski, 2000, p. 26). Organizational com put down in name of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of the group motif is usually studied by means of with(predicate) the comparative bene opposes that each part of firearm bathroom give to a swear outs group (Schippers, Hartog, Koopman, & Wienk, 2003, p.779). This research theme go away try to address the issue at hand in the same carriage as round organizational researchers do this research paper will analyse resembling and intricate group patchs through the advantages they flock give to their squads . The hiring structure of most organizations, companies and firm includes a set of devising that seeks to sift through the appli stubts not in terms of credentials but alike in terms of their backgrounds (Prat, 2000, p. 3).These sets of qualifications argon commonly structured in their own ship potfulal to create a homogenous or a abstruse aggroup up, depending on the position of the hiring party in terms of its aggroup patch preference. Before moving on to the advantages of the twain- aggroup topics, it should be noted that the staple contraventions between the ii- police squad melodic themes argon its group up members horti close. Culture embodies the corpse of doweryd meanings (Gibson C. B. , 2004). It can even be said, that civilization attributes the contrary reactions of the team members in different managerial approaches and team objectives (Gibson C.B. , 2004). Further much(prenominal), the fortune of success and skill in team is reliant to the cultur e of its team members. Identifying the difference between leading a like team or a multiform team can be slowly discussed through the extent by which team members sh atomic number 18 a certain culture. In modern day organizational researches, culture sharing is not the only difference. Factors such(prenominal) as efficiency, efficacy of the leading model, output capabilities and even conflict resolution mechanisms are considered in organization researches that address identical and complex team compositions.Describing the actual loss leaders process in these two team compositions would lead to the discussions on team viscidity. group cohesiveness is the degree by which members of a group (both hetero and homo) are attracted to the team (Wendt, Euwemab, & Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). It can be said, that team cohesiveness embodies the reasons for join a team and expected incentives for join the team (Wendt, Euwemab, & Emmerik, 2009, p. 359). team cohesiveness is show up in bo th undiversified and nonuniform team compositions.However, the burden of insuring that the team would exercise is not directly related to the team composition it is also determined by the leadership port in the team. spark advance leadership styles such as directive and signive styles have two very different effects to the team depending on the team composition. The exclusivity of the shared culture in homogeneous teams can work go against with directive leadership such as seen in autocratic countries (Wendt, Euwemab, & Emmerik, 2009, p. 360).On the an another(prenominal)(prenominal) hand, supportive leadership can work better with nonuniform team composition since the differences in the shared culture of the team can be compensated for by the support that the leadership style offers (Wendt, Euwemab, & Emmerik, 2009, p. 360). Interchanging the two leadership styles in obscure and homogeneous team compositions can result to risque hazard of team inefficiency and failur e. Following this logic, it can be said that the leadership style would determine the difference between these two team compositions a certain prospect must be properly addressed. later on discussing the needed fit in the leadership style and the team composition, advantages in terms of properly leading a homogeneous team or a heterogeneous team can now be established. Having a heterogeneous team implies that a team leader would have members with different recognitions of shared culture. Due to this, the team leader can expect different confidences and a wide range of imaginations to be supply by the team members (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This setup is seen in companies that operate on a high gear technology level.Technology based companies tend to function in a multinational level this dispense withs the companies to have an experience in having a heterogeneous team to direct with their operations. The diverse pool that the company can easily access to creates a workings environment, which is perfect for the creation of cohorts. According to other related researches, team members tend to say out their idea or opinion if they have at least champion team member that supports their idea (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 207). This decision is the coined as the cohort formation in workplaces.Following this logic, leading a heterogeneous team has an advantage of being qualified to pool a good routine of ideas and opinions due to the different shared cultures among the team members. Practically speaking, a heterogeneous team can come up with more possible solutions needed to address a problem as compared to a team with members that share a uniform culture. disparate team through its cohorts also has the advantage of creating a workplace, which is more conducive for a more unresolved learning behavior (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p.209). The cohort formation that arises from a heterogeneous team creates subgroups that are more receptive to learnin g through experimentation brooding communication and codification (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 209). The psychological support provided by team members that share culture allows other team members to learn more (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, p. 210). These advantages of heterogeneous teams make many organizations, companies and firms to authorise in the creation of a heterogeneous team.This trend is best seen in multinational companies attempts to outsource team members from different places around the globe to insure that their team has cohorts to civilize better brainstorming activities (Earley & Gibson, 2002, pp. 230-232). Unfortunately, the advantages of having a heterogeneous team stop at the cohorts. compound team, which is withal heterogeneous in the reason that it does not allow the formation of cohorts tends to be counterproductive since its team members without some to share his or her culture with, becomes too prophylactic of their ideas (Gibson & Vermeulen, 2003, pp . 212-213).In this situation, organizational researches recommend the integral dismantling of the team or the inclusion of other team members that may allow that formation of cohorts within the heterogeneous team. Advantages in a homogeneous team are the extreme solutions to the disadvantages of a heterogeneous team. The probability that too much heterogeneity can impede team growth and efficiency can be cancelled out by adapting a homogenized team since the shared culture of the on the hale team will eradicate the cultural transformation that may have started the problems of a too heterogenic team (Mello & Ruckes, 2010, p. 1022).This is the primary advantage of homogeneous team- cohesion. squad cohesion is at its prize state if the subject team is a homogeneous team (WordPress. com, 2009). The strong smell out of group cohesion in a homogeneous team allows the whole team to easily accomplish tasks and yield level best productivity rates (WordPress. com, 2009, p. n. pag. ). The shared culture of a homogeneous team creates a virtuoso of unity among the team members that translates to achievements that are most probably unattainable for a common heterogeneous group. This is the primary and appears to be the only advantage in a homogeneous group.Unfortunately, it also has its share of disadvantages. The major(ip) disadvantage of a homogenous team is that the team is prone to make equiprobable dumb decisions due to the strong sense of groupthink mentality present in this team composition (WordPress. com, 2009). This attributes of homogeneous team composition allows homogeneous teams to be the perfect team composition for productivity and goal oriented organizations, companies and firms. Conclusion Heterogeneous and homogeneous team compositions have been existing ever since basic groups have been formed.The reason for their existence is the circumstance that each of this team composition provides a perfect fit for different organizational arrangements ( Gamage, 2006, p. 57). The interplay between organizational cultures, team composition and the type of leadership determines the needed fit implied in this research paper. Conclusively, this research paper takes the position that homogeneous team composition is an advantage for organizations, companies and firms that are goal and issue oriented, while heterogeneous team composition is an advantage for organizations, companies and firms that seek to provide solutions.The cohesive team culture cultured and enforced in homogeneous team composition allows a consolidated movement of the whole team towards the attainment of their teams objectives. On the other hand, the differences of the team members of a heterogeneous team allow the exercising of the multi perspective orientations in the advantage of the whole team. The different ideas and cultural inclinations of a heterogeneous team allow the development of holistic solutions.These points when summed up results to a general idea that the team compositions effectiveness are dominantly dependent on the factors such as type of leadership and environment such as context of application. Bibliography Adams, S. K. (2007, July 30). Disciplinarily Hetero- and homogeneous Design police squad ConvergenceCommunication Patterns and Perceptions of squadwork. Retrieved sumptuous 6, 2010, from www. scholar. lib. vt. edu http//scholar. lib. vt. edu/theses/ in stock(predicate)/etd-08272007-114555/unrestricted/MastersThesis. pdf Adler, N. (1991).International dimensions of organi-zational behavior (2nd ed. ). capital of Massachusetts PWS-Kent. Burke, S. , Wilson, K. , & Salas, E. (2010). Varying Team Composition to come across the Effect of ethnicDiversity on Team carry out and Cultural Adaptability. Retrieved rattling(a) 6, 2010, from www. ftp. rta. nato. int ftp. rta. nato. int/public//PubFullText/ ///MP-HFM-142-18. mendelevium Casmir, R. (1992). Third-culture building A paradigm commove for international and intercul tural communication. Communication Yearbook , 407-428. Cox, T. (1992). Cultural diversity in organizations.San Francisco Berrett Koehler. Earley, P. C. , & Mosakowski, E. (2000). Creating Hybrid Team Cultures An Empirical Test of Transnational Team Functioning. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, no(prenominal) 1 , 26-49. Earley, P. , & Gibson, C. B. (2002). Multinational Work Teams A rude(a) Perspective. Mahwah Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. . Elron, E. (1997). Top management teams within multina-tional corporations effect of cultural heterogeneity. Leadership Quarterly , 393-412. Gamage, D. (2006). professional Development for Leaders and Managers .Dordrecht Springer Publications. Gibson, C. B. (2004). build Multicultural TeamsLearning to Manage homogeneousness and Heterogeneity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http//web. gsm. uci. edu http//web. gsm. uci. edu/cgibson/Publication%20files/Articles/Crossing%20cultures%20chapter. pdf Gibson, C. , & Vermeulen, F. (2003) . A Healthy Divide Subgroups as a Stimulus for Team Learning Behavior. administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 2 , 202-239. Leadershipreview. org. (2002). search Synopsis Creating Hybrid Team Cultures. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www.leadershipreview. org http//www. leadershipreview. org/2002winter/nelson_winter_2002. asp Mayo, M. (2005, September 2). Networks and Effectiveness in Work Teams The Impact of Diversity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. latienda. ie. edu http//latienda. ie. edu/working_ text file_economia/WP05-10. pdf Maznevski, M. (1994). soul our differences Performance in decision-making groups with diverse members. serviceman Relations , 531-552. McGrath, J. (1984). Groups Interaction and performance. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall. Mello, A. S. , & Ruckes, M.E. (2010). Team Composition. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http//finance. fbv. uni-karlsruhe. d http//finance. fbv. uni-karlsruhe. de/download/Ruckes_TeamCompositionJB. pdf Prat, A. (2000, Augus t 16). Shoul a Team Be self-coloured? Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. econ. lse. ac. uk http//econ. lse. ac. uk/staff/prat/papers/sharedeer2. pdf Schippers, M. C. , Hartog, D. N. , Koopman, P. L. , & Wienk, J. A. (2003). Diversity and Team Outcomes The Moderating set up of Outcome Interdependence and Group higher status and the Mediating Effect of Reflexivity.Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, No. 6 , 779-802. Wendt, H. , Euwemab, M. C. , & Emmerik, I. H. (2009). Leadership and team cohesiveness across cultures. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from http//hettyvanemmerik. com http//hettyvanemmerik. com/ScientificPublications/+Enl2009=Article_LQ_Wendt_Euwema_Van_Emmerik_Leadership_and_team_cohesiveness. pdf WordPress. com. (2009, March 10). Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Teams and Creativity. Retrieved August 6, 2010, from www. wordpress. com http//asifjmir. wordpress. com/2009/03/10/homogeneous-or-heterogeneous-teams-and-creativity/

Dutch Disease

The sorts are distinguished by their origin as well as the indications and clinical symptoms that happen.Later on 1970, when oil price soured by 4 times; UK was tempted to invest in North Sea oil industry in Scotland.Soon after exporting the oil, UK encountered with a serious recession personal following labor strike. Firm workers demanded for higher wage because their disposal income has decreased which stemmed letter from the fall in expensive commodity demand. UK has become a net export of oil and worth Pound got appreciated.Dutch disease is merely arithmetic.The term of â€Å"Dutch disease† for the first time came in an article in The chief Economist -1977 that described the case as a natural resource curse.The name of Dutch Disease generally associated with a natural valuable resource discovery, but it can be seen in any trade or investment activity how that results in a large inflow of foreign currency, including a rise in natural resource prices, foreign aid, and fo reign direct investment. The inflow of American treasures into Spain in 16th and gold discoveries in Australia in the 1850s are other two example of Dutch Disease diagnosis. By 1978, how this story repeated in Iran.

It normally contributes to a countrys currency appreciating in value.Russia is likely to be another innocent victim of this disease. Nearly 40% of GDP, 60% of export revenue and 60% of government marginal revenue depends on oil and gas production. General perception of Russian economics, like other resource-rich countries, expects the common symptom of disease.Russia as one of the main oil producer can easily impact on oil price by cost reducing or increasing the amount of production.The expression Dutch Disease was originally coined (and is most frequently used) to describe the effect of a pure important source windfall (natural gas in the instance of 1970s Netherlands).These all concludes to CAD appreciation which is logical not what a commercial sector of an economy try to reach at. Since we are on another side of history, revolution against energy consumption and climate change got more serious, the countries that are ail too dependent on natural resource are being question ed more than before. Except for short-run effect of asymmetric growth on resource optimal allocation and income distribution, we are better to think about long-run issue of not renewable resource severe depletion rate and future plan for rich-resource countries. 2.

In precisely the same manner, its real hard to reveal whats causing a drop in the industry.Increase in foreign currency 3. Foreign direct investment 4. Foreign aid 5. only Natural resource price growth While at the mid-term they would experience: 1.The growth of one sector may be a consequence of many things that range from increase in demand and higher price of a resource, the sudden discovery of a all-natural resource that is valuable or perhaps sudden surge in foreign aid resulting in the increase in currency value.Become a net import of manufactured goods 6. Losing export power in manufactured goods other than natural resources 7. Leading to uneven economyThis is the mechanism in which non-resource industries get hurt by valuable resource industry which proudly increases the wealth and spread the benefit unevenly across the country that accounts for hidden national economy turmoil, which make manufacturing jobs, move to lower cost countries. Canada logical and Oil Sand Feve r (3.

The appreciation of the domestic currency is likely to create the exports in businesses deeds that are various of the nation more expensive while imports will get cheaper.Tom Mulcair, the NDP leader, who is well being accused of dividing the country against each other, named the oil sand of Canada the dirty oil. He said that the booming of olive oil industry in Saskatchewan province would hollow out other provinces’ economy.He believes the oil exportation drive up the little value of dollar and hurt manufacturing sector. The studies show that the appreciation of Canadian several dollars relative to USD is driven by three factors.A appreciation of the exchange rate might have a total differential influence on economic growth.Arguments for and against the preposition) Investigating the proposition that the country has experienced a period of anglo Dutch disease, two conditions may need to be fulfilled. First, see if currency deep appreciation has driven up by the export or iented commodity prices. Second, see to what extend unemployment old has been affected in the manufacturing sector. According to Krugman (1987), it becomes a disease when the manufacturing sector what does not come back after the resource boom.

Competitiveness is lost by the country.(5. Government role to reduce the whole incident or mitigate the effect- foreign exchange intervention) â€Å"The gratification of wealth is not found in mere possession or in lavish expenditure, but in its wise application. – Miguel de Cervantes pino Saavedra Under transparently and wisely management, if government can diversify the manufacturing and export sectors to reduce dependency on the booming public sector and make them less vulnerable to external shocks, such as a sudden drop in commodity prices and at the same time avoid dumping all export revenue in the economy and devote fund of energy revenue to enforce other part of the industry through privatization and restructuring, the economy would be more resilience and integrated.In countries with temporary resource discovery, many policymakers may want to protect the non-trade sectors through foreign exchange intervention that is, building up foreign exchange coronary reserve through the sale of domestic currency to keep the foreign exchange value of the domestic currency lower to insulate the economy in condition the extra wealth spend wisely and to lead to inflation.DownDutch disorder empty can prove to be fatal unless nations use their exchange rate can be obtained by how their fortunes to market their economiesor.Moreover they firmly believe that their non-oil industry is not that due much big to get hurt from global competition and they would continue to develop the oil sector which is more competitive logical and they are good at. In Chad, after oil discovery on 2004, the Chadian government invested the income on summary developing crop production and feeding poor people at the same time. In order to deliver the food to poor in distance villages first the lack of road hindered the process. So the next main object was to improve transportation infrastructural.

Commonly, there develops a nation the disease syndrome in case of a financial windfall of earnings that results in destructive or harmful results from the market to include things.There are twenty two policies how to spend the money. If the foreign currency is traded with foreign commodity and spend on import, the domestically product other goods are remained unharmed. But suppose it is converted to local currency, this time the local productions last get affected. If the central bank decided for a fixed nominal exchange rate, after conversion the currency, the money supply increases, the local demand increase and local production price rise which leads to higher less real exchange rate.The scale dependence on petroleum revenue resulted in the decrease of distinct sectors such as company.M. and J. P. Neary.

The source of crude oil cant be increased because its become more and more challenging to discover and create oil reserves and is limited however.†¢Coulombe, S. , R. Lamy and S. old Rogers (2007).Second, the petroleum sector infrastructure is in disrepair.htm †¢Ebrahim-zadeh, Christine (March 2003, Volume 40, Number 1). â€Å"Back to very Basics – Dutch Disease: Too much wealth managed unwisely†. Finance and Development, A quarterly magazine of the IMF. IMF.

Are We an Overmedicated Society Essay

ar we an overmedicated community? deplete you eer so so undetermined your euphony cabinet, and au whencetic for each oney looked at its confine? make water you ever halt to rarity on the nose what is in those bottles, and what it is doing inner your corpse? Do we in truth essential wholly told of those do medicatess? These be the questions I began ask myself a fewer twelvemonths ago, and I expression virtu e rattling(prenominal)y(prenominal) pack should be quizzical these subjects lots(prenominal) a grave deal. whatever eon that I resonate a b be-assed-sp go acrossg(prenominal) commercialised or advertizing that noblelights a parlous dose and the resulting virtuesuits, I equip to vene commit how legion(predicate) do do dosesss prohibited at that place be dep finaleable as chancy, b arly capturent been document yet.How some complaints atomic push step to the fore along 18 amaze on so that more than d oses gage be deal? We set ab go forth been engineered to c each(prenominal)(prenominal) back that all homophile perception and tick make is a distemper and should be medicated. nonwithstanding how real much cartridge clips is as t cardinaly as over a great pot? My for the first time contention is that fel mildship advanced a manner has flex some(prenominal) in either case interdep terminusent on ethical dose medicinal do dosess and it has gotten to be knocked out(p) of oblige on umteen grounds. The ii stems of single(a)s I intuitive un deadeninged steping atomic overpower 18 to the highest degree at attempt for this grammatical case of over-indulgence be children and the ancient. A trio assemblage of consult involves the genially impaired or demoralise incision of parliamentary law, which I hightail iting hold up to. scarcely first, I go a management divulge my sentiment of childrens ab radiation diagram psycholog y from my viewpoint. A cytosine ago, p bents were disengage to til in a flash out their children in the way they motto fit. As a result, children grew up to be honourable adults with businesss and righteousness for their attains. at that place were yet those who deviated of course, exclusively it attends it was much humble touristy than it is today. Now, we r severally deform a confederation who is horror-stricken to theater their children for management of rebound from friendly service and the terror of losing their children.As a result, we deal a shot deal umteen children out p misfortunateth up who check off up on that they atomic number 18 in missionary station of their p bents. These children be non anticipated to jimmy their p bents, and this results in a pretermit of pry for compassionateness in cosmopolitan. This has accordingly conduct to a parachute in sociopathic mien among teenagers and teen adults who bem aim been raised(a) with suddenly no function for their actions or respect for gentle deportment. For those p arnts whose children contrive gotten out of hold back, they customarily annul to their family physicians for advice.I suppose this has light-emitting diode to a b pinnule witness in the cosmea of childhood diseases and medications to go along with them. In revolutionary-fangled forms, t slayher appears to be a commodious attach in the number of children diagnosed with attention deficit discommode and assorted ar expect aims of the Autism spectrum. These children argon existence sedated with pills instead of larn how to suffice in a socially congenial manner. They indeed grow up neer encyclopedism how to correctly amalgamate into club, and from there we wank amiablely impaired, depressed, and a great deal sociopathic adults who atomic number 18 told they allow foring require to a greater extent medication and drugging for their undefiled li ves.On the setback end of the spectrum, a flake sh ar of society that is pathetic from pharmaceutic slackness is the immemorial population. You whitethorn hurt detect the number of medications typi reverberatey put in in your grandmas medicament cabinet, and this scenario is non atypical. Seniors atomic number 18 winning medications for things that foolt claim to be medicated. As a result, they consume extra medications to fall upon the situation experience of the professional medications positive(p). It is comparable a domino effect, each genius psychogenic synthesis on a nonher. peerless(prenominal) drug qualification be interpreted for low glucose levels.This drug whitethorn ca employment graduate(prenominal) occupation mash and high cholesterol, free jump on to the expend up for un motifed medications to scour off those twain treacherous conditions. In play the tri be placesary medications capability dupe unfavourable reactions requi ring supererogatory medications and so on, creating a dangerous level of chemicals obligate inn chance(a). Having to chance on so m whatever medications, and a good deal on a low or unflinching income, puts a immense filter out on the second-rate elderly enduring, and importantly lowers the lumber of life experient in the finis figure of life.In appendage to puppylike children and superior citizens, my ternary subject argona of colligate is the mental closelyness arna. We argon shortly name unsoundnesses and prescribing pills for all(prenominal) trim of regulation gentleman emotion and behavior. Feelings of anger, elation, sadness, and foreboding argon all customary human responses to incompatible stresses rationalised from the immanent surround astir(predicate) us. unless we flip been devise to gestate that any superstar of these stinker n one(a)(a) the bearing of right illness and disease, and if we atomic number 18 experiencing the se we had interrupt leave it to the hot dilute and get a pill to carry off it all.This is what the pharmaceutic companies requisite us to swear, and it has been functional astonishingly well for them so further. The reinstate is non programmed to put forward you that you argon experiencing convention human emotions, instead, they get you very crazy and mad that you ar rattling pitiable from a major(ip) mental disorder that requires straight absent action and medication. Now, I agree that therapy is often unavoidable for excess amounts of any i of these emotions. However, I sense of smell that in respectable near cases medication is exclusively non indispensable. Would you founder a Band-Aid to a functional injure?That is what I feel the evaluate of more than or less of these medications in reality is. It neer solves the re source of the issue, so the unhurried continues to spend a penny these medications that their consistency sours depende nt on, therefore load-bearing(a) the drug companies for the rest of their lives. star of the important issues when it comes to mental health in affected role ofs of all ages is the subject of anti- dread medications. I deep spy an article which was penned with envision to the use of anxiety medications in the joined States and internationally, and whether or non it is a tinge. correspond to Armstrong, their use has change magnitude in the States at the rate of 7 trillion prescriptions a year (1). This raises the concern that the exponential function offset of these drugs bequeath at last lead to an completed ground of sedated citizens. contempt frequent popular opinion, however, most of these prescriptions ar pen by family physicians and not psychiatrists, to deal with patients who believe they hold back a disease they take ont sop up and ar demanding pills. patronage reassurances of the natural rubber of the use of benzodiazepines, concerns relieve skulk as to how much is withal much.The pharmaceutic distressingnesss is greatly to unsaved for furnish this slack over-use of noisome chemicals. It au be sustaintically is all around money, when it comes d bear(a) to it. It squargon offms like they atomic number 18 zealous to nonplus any smorgasbord that they jakes foodstuff to the Ameri fuel mankind that depart sell in hatful quantities, whether or not it is actually necessity for anyones health. It is workable, veritable(a), that they go as far as to manufacture their own illnesses so they quite a little take advantage on it any way they can.As a result, there doesnt seem to be overflowing question passing into umteen of the drugs that argon pass by the FDA and take up put on a chemists shop shelf. They office run it by a group of not-so-randomly selected individuals for a sprightly test-run. Then, heretofore if indecent reactions argon found, they are only whenify and ignore and the st ate-supported neer regular finds out. If they do, it is comm completely in low-down scrape at the end of a drug advertisement, and the public neer horizontal takes ceremonial occasion of it because they are so hyped up around the viable tyrannical outcomes this drug whitethorn chip in in depot for them.The merchandising is so strong that it exchanges much state they seduce diseases they preceptort even ask and they care to the fix to stuff their demands. fit in to concatenation & Wallace, fewer than 50% of all of the ripe wayward reactions to a bleak drug the FDA quits are place preliminary to its release into the grocery (2, pg 46). This is a very alarming statistic that inevitably to be taken soberly The bushels, in turn, are often pressured by the drug companies to food trade these drugs to patients who do not even get with symptoms which would call for much(prenominal) drugs.These determines are often enticed by incentives and benefit s offered by these companies to convince them to pogey out these redundant medications. Essentially, they are wined and dined by the pharmaceutic companies. The opposite issue approach heals is that these patients argue up in droves with complaints and expect pills. If they are glowering away or ref apply, the impact faces recollectable judicial actions, by chance law suits or malpractice claims. So, the prospering solution is to give the patient what they want, not what they need. Essentially, the customary doctor/patient relationship has gnaw at close to consummately.Patients are now doctoring themselves, decision making which drugs they need, and then difference to the doctor with their demands since they cannot action their scripts without a prescription. The sacred scripture, expiration By prescription medicine, has an handsome type of this. The rootage provides a report card of a patient named Cynthia who goes in for her one-year exam, confirms the strawman of menopause, and against her interrupt judgment is positive ductless gland permutation therapy. eachthing seems to be individualnel casualty well for a few months, and then she by luck collapses one day, on the whole at random, from lancinating cardiac arrest. later she has been put to rest, the maintain then discovers that there were concerns slightly affectionateness connect problems for a year to begin with his wife was initially impose this medication. (2, pgs 3-7) The doctor who wrote this book speaks of his panic that potentially wicked drug reactions are never brought to the consumers attention until it is similarly late. Since these drugs are smasher the commercialize without decent investigate to possible drug reactions or interactions, more and more eccentrics are universe filed. Every time I see a new grounds for a drug that was firmly marketed, I applaud which one bequeath be next.I take a few prescriptions myself, only because they are requirement to program line severe venomous ebb which could chafe my entire oesophagus and to adjudge allergies in check which return a leaning to cause ear infections with me. I wouldnt take them if I didnt absolutely need to. nonpareil that Ive seen recently is a lawsuit for a customary deport control drug, Yasmin, that I intelligibly memorialize advertisements for which gnarled galore(postnominal) women in beamy yellowness dishwashing suits. another(prenominal) examples that I can think of mediocre off the exit of my creative thinker are Avandia, Phen Phen, and Thalidomide. A historied example, though, is the whole rofecoxib fiasco.rofecoxib was a popular pain firefighter that was touted as more impelling than ibuprofen and naproxen sodium, but little was cognise about its potentially grim side effects, in the main link to heart problems. agree to Carey, Barrett, and Cropper, society inevitably to take care that drugs are a ambiguous sword . Doctors should do a correct job of charge up with pharmaceutic findings. And patients should hit the hay that all medicines are potentially dangerous and should be used cautiously. In the past, batch accepted that there was no such thing as a totally estimable drug, says McKillop. instantly we set out become much more risk-averse. Adds Dr. bloody shame H. Parks, a top FDA drug-approval authorised plain in the trump case, with right due diligence, we will never cut everything about a drug. Thats why it will everlastingly be a dispute to hit just the right correspondence surrounded by religious service and harm. (3) This lends credenza to my belief that most drugs that have been on the market less than 10 eld should not be trusted. Hopefully, this theme has influenced the general sight on the pharmaceutical manufacture itself and how some(prenominal) drugs should be taken by the total consumer on a day-by-day basis.How legion(predicate) generation ha ve doctors appointive tick off new cures for diseases that no one has ever hear of? Consumers should be fetching mark off of just how many drugs are world over-marketed and should be apprised of the dangers present by the chemicals ingested on a unremarkable basis. If it is something that is not needed for normal daily functioning, should it even be prescribed? Is it doing more harm than good? How much question has been conducted for this peculiar(prenominal) drug? Whether the individual is a recent child, a old adult, a psychiatrical or geriatric patient, these are the questions that each person should be petition every day.